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Chương trình học tiếng Anh của VOA: Special English Health Report – Breast Cancer / Surgery. Xin hãy vào www.youtube.com để xem các bài kế tiếp. I’m … with the VOA Special English Health Report. Have you ever felt lumps under the skin on the sides of your neck when you were sick? Those might be lymph nodes. They can get swollen and painful but their job is to fight infection. Lymph nodes are part of the body’s defenses known as the lymphatic system. This complex system throughout the body makes and transports a protective fluid called lymph. Lymph is made of white blood cells, proteins and fats. In a patient with breast cancer, the cancer can spread to the large number of lymph nodes under the arm. Doctors have traditionally removed many of these lymph nodes in the hope of removing all the cancer. But the latest research finds nothing to gain by removing so many lymph nodes. Doctors have two choices when breast cancer starts to spread. They can do what is called a sentinel node biopsy. They remove the main growth and one or two lymph nodes nearest to it. Or they can take more aggressive action and remove a lot of lymph nodes. But that can lead to shoulder pain and permanent swelling of the arm. Dr. Armando Giuiliano at the John Wayne Cancer Institute in Santa Monica, California, was a leader of the study. He found that a sentinel node biopsy can be enough to eliminate all of the cancer. And the patient does not need to stay in a hospital to have it done. Dr. Giuliano …

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